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Community participation has become widely accepted through policy and legislation as a critical component of managing water resources in Kenya. However, achieving meaningful participation continues to be a challenge especially for the poor and marginalised communities. This paper examines the role and the impact of Water Resources Users Associations (WRUAs) in collaborative management of water resources and conflict resolution at the local sub-basin level. It seeks to understand how WRUAs role can result in efficient use, equitable allocation, and sustainable management of water resources.